Domain containing protein Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, tryptamine 5-hydroxylase Pectinesterase inhibitor domain containing protein Equivalent to purple acid phosphataseTo analyze mis-expressed genes in polyspermic zygotes, gene expression profiles have been compared among genes down-regulated in CB2 Formulation diploid zygotes following fertilization [29] and those SARS-CoV supplier up-regulated in polyspermic zygotes relative to diploid zygotes (Table 2). Two genes, Os01g0760000 and Os09g0551600, were identified as overlapped genes (Figure 5A), and, interestingly, Os09g0551600 encoded nucleasome/chromatin assembly factor D protein of HMG protein household. Next, comparison of gene expression profiles was conducted among genes up-regulated in diploid zygotes just after fertilization [29], genes down-regulated in polyspermic zygotes relative to diploid zygotes (Table three) and genes up-regulated in diploid zygotes following fertilization with paternal allele dependent expression [29]. Only one gene, Os11g0295900, was detected in diagram area overlapped with 3 gene groups (Figure 5B). Notably, the gene encoded Oryza sativa Apospory-specific Genome Region (ASGR)BABY-BOOM LIKE (BBML) 1 (OsASGR-BBML1) (Table 3), that is a attainable initiation factor that may be crucial for zygotic development [29,30].Plants 2021, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEWPlants 2021, 10,9 of9 ofADiploid zygote Egg cell (412 genes) Polyspermic zygote Diploid zygote (36 genes)BDiploid zygote Egg cell (1,126 genes) Polyspermic zygote Diploid zygote (43 genes)11 410 2 34 1,092 1Genes with paternal allele-dependent expression in diploid zygote Egg cell (23 genes)Figure 5. Gene expression in rice polyspermic zygotes and diploid zygotes. (A) Venn diagram of 412 genes, whose expression levels in diploid zygotes are suppressed after fertilization [29], and 36 genes, whose expressions are up-regulated in polyspermic zygotes relative to diploid zygotes (Table two). (B) Venn diagram of 1,126 genes, which have been detected as fertilization-induced genes in rice diploid zygotes [29], 43 genes, whose expressions are down-regulated in polyspermic Figure 5. Gene expression in rice polyspermic zygotes and diploid zygotes. (A) Venn diagram of 412 genes, whose expreszygotes relative to diploid zygotes (Table three), and 23 genes that are up-regulated in diploid zygotes right after fertilization with sion levels in diploid zygotes are suppressed immediately after fertilization [29], and 36 genes, whose expressions are up-regulated in paternal allele dependent expression [29]. zygotes (Table 2). (B) Venn diagram of 1,126 genes, which have been detected as fertipolyspermic zygotes relative to diploid31 0lization-induced genes in rice diploid zygotes [29], 43 genes, whose expressions are down-regulated in polyspermic zy3. Discussion gotes relative to diploid zygotes (Table 3), and 23 genes which are up-regulated in diploid zygotes after fertilization with paternal allele dependent expression [29]. Paternal genome excess appears to adversely influence polyspermic zygote developmentmainly throughout or following the completion of karyogamy. Interestingly, worldwide de novo gene 3. Discussion expression, termed zygotic genome activation (ZGA), is initiated in rice zygotes for the duration of Paternal immediately after karyogamy is completed [31]. Hence, the developmental improvement or immediatelygenome excess appears to adversely affect polyspermic zygotedysfunction primarily for the duration of or just after the completion be because of the misexpression worldwide critical of polyspermic zygotes was predicted to of karyogamy. Interestingly,of genesde nov.