S Figure four. (a) The experimental The experimental set-up on the piezoresistive sensing test and (b) the CNM-incorporated Figure 4. (a) set-up in the piezoresistive sensing test and (b) the CNM-incorporated FRP composites mounted within the UTM. mounted in the UTM. composites mounted within the UTM. FRP(a)four. Benefits 4.1. GYKI 52466 Autophagy electrical Properties Figure 5a shows the connection involving the electrical resistance of CNM-incorporated GFRP Icosabutate Formula samples plus the quantity of incorporated CNMs. The pure GFRP sample, with out incorporated CNMs, exhibited an electrical resistivity greater than 100 G , as it was composed of insulating components, namely epoxy resin and glass fiber [42]. Electrical conductivity networks formed inside the GFRP, because the CNMs had been incorporated in the GFRP,4.1. Electrical PropertiesSensors 2021, 21,Figure 5a shows the partnership between the electrical resistance of CNMrated GFRP samples and also the quantity of incorporated CNMs. The pure GFRP with no incorporated CNMs, exhibited an electrical resistivity greater than 100 G 7 of 19 it was composed of insulating supplies, namely epoxy resin and glass fiber [42]. E conductivity networks formed inside the GFRP, because the CNMs had been incorporated in th which decreased the electrical resistance with the GFRP samples. As shown in Figur electrical resistance decreased significantly when the in Figure 5a, CNM quan which lowered the electrical resistance in the GFRP samples. As shown incorporated the equal to or higher than 1.5 wt. , no matter CNM type. This result indicated electrical resistance decreased significantly when the incorporated CNM quantity was incorporated CNMs within the of CNM materials outcome indicated that the equal to or greater than 1.five wt. , regardlessinsulatingtype. This lowered their electrical resistanc incorporated CNMs within the intrinsic properties from these of electrical resistance,of conductors. In a ing their insulating supplies decreased their insulators to these altering their intrinsic properties discovered that of insulators to those of conductors. Moreover, it was it was from these GFRP samples with just CNTs or both CNTs and graphene identified that GFRP samples with just CNTs or each CNTs the other samples that included GNPs a great deal greater electrical conductivity than and graphene showed significantly greater electrical(Figure 5b). This wasthe other samples that integrated GNPs or CNFs indica conductivity than attributed towards the electrical conductivity from the CNMs, (Figure 5b). This the conductivity of CNT and graphene was higherCNMs, indicating thatThis resu was attributed to the electrical conductivity in the than GNPs or CNFs. the conductivity of CNT and graphene was larger than GNPs studies [22]. Wang et al. in close agreement with outcomes from earlier or CNFs. This result was (2020) inv close agreement with outcomes from prior research [22]. Wang et al. (2020) epoxy-based compos the effects of CNM kind around the electrical conductivity of investigated the effects of CNM form on thethat composites with CNT epoxy-based showed higher electrical demonstrated electrical conductivity of or graphene composites, and demonstrated that composites with CNT or graphene showed greateraddition, the percolation t tivity than composites with CNFs or GNPs [22]. In electrical conductivity than composites with CNFs or GNPs [22]. Additionally, the percolation threshold in elec phenomenon was observed in Figure 5a, indicating a dramatic reduction phenomenon was observed in Figure 5a, indicating a dramatic reduction in ele.