Omosomal material (ploidy) as well as the effects of Dyrk1a copy quantity in osteoblasts (Dyrk1a), euploid mice had stronger trabecular parameters than GSK854 References female mice had been analyzed independent of males, trabecular properties were much better in euploid as when compared with trisomic mice for BMD (p = 0.0425), Tb.Sp (p = 0.0121) but not BV/TV (p = 0.0786), Tb.Th (p = 0.2631) or Tb.N (p = 0.0552) (Figure 1). This can be the first time that trabecular bone has been quantified in female Ts65Dn mice; we located that female Ts65Dn as in comparison with handle mice had significantly reduced/altered trabecular architecture/properties at six weeks of age. These findings differ from no important trabecular variations identified at six weeks of age between Dp1Tyb and euploid female DS model mice [20]. In the analysis of female mice, like male littermates, there was no significant effect of reduced Dyrk1a copy number inside the osteoblasts. 3.three. Skeletal Alterations in Cortical Architecture in Trisomic Mice When cortical skeletal microarchitecture was examined in all eight groups with males and females collectively, there had been both a sex in addition to a ploidy effect (with no interaction), with males showing greater cortical properties in total cross-sectional region (CSA) (p 0.0001), marrow area (Ma.Ar) (p = 0.0428), cortical region (Ct.Ar) (p 0.0001), cortical thickness (Ct.Th) (p 0.0001) and periosteal (Ps.BS) (p 0.0001), endosteal bone surfaces (Es.BS) (p = 0.0452), and tissue mineral density (TMD) (p = 0.0003) (Figures two and three). Euploid mice displayed greater total CSA (p 0.0001), Ma.Ar (p 0.0001), Ct.Ar (p 0.0001), Ct.Th (p = 0.0019), Ps.BS (p 0.0001), and Es.BS (p 0.0001) but not TMD (p = 0.2958) in comparison to trisomic mice.Genes 2021, 12,7 ofFigure 1. Trabecular architecture differs among male and female Euploid and Ts65Dn animals at six weeks of age (B). (A) % Bone Volume (BV/TV); Major effect of ploidy for male and female. (B) Bone mineral density (BMD); Principal effect ploidy for male and female. (C) Trabecular Thickness (Tb.Th) Primary impact of ploidy for male mice. (D) Trabecular separation; Key impact of ploidy for male and female. (E) Trabecular Number (Tb.N) Main effect of ploidy for male mice. Mean SD; bars between groups of mice denote significance; p-value 0.1234 (ns); 0.0332 ; 0.0021 .Genes 2021, 12,eight ofFigure two. Cortical bone parameters are important distinct involving male and female Euploid and Ts65Dn animals (A). (A) Total cross-sectional region (CSA) most important of effect of ploidy in males and main impact of ploidy and Dyrk1a genotype in females. (B) Marrow Region (Ma.Ar); most important impact of ploidy in male and female animals. (C) Cortical Area (Ct.Ar); primary impact of ploidy in male mice; principal effect of Dyrk1a copy quantity in female. (D) Cortical Thickness (Ct.Th); primary effect of Dyrk1a copy number in female animals. Mean SD; bars involving groups of mice denote significance; p-value 0.1234 (ns); 0.0332 ; 0.0021 ; 0.0002 .When males had been analyzed separately, male euploid mice had significantly higher total CSA (p = 0.0104), Ma.Ar (p = 0.0094), Ct.Ar (p = 0.0341), Ps.BS (p = 0.0149) and Es.BS (p = 0.0144) when compared with male trisomic mice (Figures 2 and three). There was.