Onomy with the genus Pseudomonas is very complex and a lot of new species have been described within the P. fluorescens group for which phenotypic strategies lack discriminatory power,so the part of P. fluorescens in milk spoilage has been overestimated (Marchand et al a). Even using the application on the sequencing of S rDNA and housekeeping genes (rpoB,gyrB) and comparison with an as much as date in property database for Pseudomonas,a current study on various meals matrices could not identify all isolates for the exact species status with several of them classified as closely connected to a known species (known as the species name `like’) (Caldera et al. In that study,besides the species P. fragi(like) and P. gessardiilike called miSlk spoilers (Marchand et al b; De CI-IB-MECA supplier Jonghe et al,numerous other species as P. proteolytica,P. brenneri,and P. rhodesiae were found in raw milk,and P. PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24683347 pelilike in pasteurized milk. Largely after applying cultureindependent techniques for identifying the spoilage microbiota,other species belonging to Pseudomonas genus happen to be identified and characterized (von Neubeck et al. The peptidase producer Pseudomonas lundensis was isolated from raw milk samples from Belgium (Marchand et al a,b),from Germany (von Neubeck et al and from Brazil (Machado et al. Two novel species,Pseudomonas helleri and Pseudomonas weihenstephanensis,isolated from cow milk,were characterized determined by genetic,phylogenetic,chemotaxonomic,physiological,and biochemical information (von Neubeck et al. Other research have demonstrated the (UHT) heat resistance of enzymes developed by P. weihenstephanensis,Pseudomonasproteolytica,and Pseudomonas panacis (Baur et al b; Stoeckel et al a). Acinetobacter (like Pseudomonas also member of Gammaproteobacteria) is frequently detected in cold raw milk samples (Table. Strains belonging to this psychrotrophic genus could generate enzymes (Snellman et al. Salwan and Kasana,which could potentially bring about milk spoilage. Even though some research have detected hydrolytic strains of Acinetobacter in raw milk samples (N nberg et al. von Neubeck et al. Vithanage et al,the heat resistance of those enzymes plus the spoilage prospective from this genus will not be properly characterized and demands additional investigation. Chryseobacterium (previously classified in Flavobacterium) also appears as a dominant member of Algerian cold raw milk (Table and some species like Chryseobacterium joostei have already been described not too long ago as showing an even higher spoilage capacity than P. fluorescens in milk around the basis of growth rate,proteolytic and lipolytic activity (Bekker et al . On the other hand,apart from proteolytic enzymes becoming resistant to pasteurization,resistance of these enzymes to UHT is not known. The wide biodiversity in the microbiota of cold raw milk has led to significantly less frequent reporting of a number of spoilage species. While the predominance of Pseudomonas is well known,the value of Serratia has been described much more not too long ago. In conjunction with strains belonging to Pseudomonas,Serratia was also detected and characterized as a predominant milk spoiler in Australian,Brazilian,and Italian samples (Table. Teh et al. and Cleto et al. have detected Serratia in milkprocessing plants and raw milk road tankers,respectively,though Lo et al.Frontiers in Microbiology www.frontiersin.orgMarch Volume ArticleMachado et al.Spoilage Microbiota in Dairy Products reported that P. fluorescens and Serratia have been responsible for spoilage of raw milk stored at C for days. Lo et al. also showed that.